Feeling Sad, Stuck and Tired in the Winter? How Seasonal Affective Disorder Impacts Mental Health

Woman with Seasonal Affective Disorder in the winter

During the cold, dark months of winter, it’s common to feel sad, stuck or tired. But when do you know if it’s more than just “winter blues” or “cabin fever”? When these symptoms are persistent and getting in the way of daily functioning, it could be a sign of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression tied to seasonal changes during the fall and winter months.


SAD is relatively common—around 10 million Americans annually will experience SAD. Factors such as location and gender can increase one’s likelihood. In fact, females are four times more likely to be diagnosed with SAD.


SAD symptoms usually present in the fall and winter due to the reduction in daylight, and can last up to 40% of the year. Less commonly, some may experience SAD during the spring and summer months.


Is seasonal affective disorder the same as depression?

Seasonal affective disorder is a form of depression. What makes SAD different is that symptoms typically subside with the change of season. In the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, SAD is diagnosed as major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern.


Some of the risk factors for SAD are:

  • Location: Higher latitudes and regions with long winters tend to have a higher prevalence of SAD.
  • Gender: Women are more often diagnosed with SAD.
  • Pre-existing mental or physical health conditions: A history of conditions like depression, anxiety, or hyperthyroidism can increase your risk.


What causes seasonal affective disorder?

It’s believed that a lack of sunlight is one of the main causes of SAD. Shorter days, especially if you live somewhere far from the equator, lead to less sunlight exposure. This can impact brain chemicals that regulate mood.


Circadian rhythms may also be disrupted by this decrease in sunlight, which can impact sleep patterns. Some studies have indicated vitamin D deficiency is linked mood disorders in the winter months. The sun is a natural source of vitamin D, so reduced sun exposure in the winter months can lead to a vitamin D deficiency.


What are the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder?

  • Feeling sad or depressed
  • Changes in sleep patterns (oversleeping or insomnia, difficulty waking up in the morning)
  • Changes in appetite, especially craving carbs
  • Fluctuations in weight
  • Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
  • Reduced interest in activities
  • Feeling worthless or guilty
  • Suicidal ideation


Treatment for seasonal affective disorder

There are a variety of evidence-based treatments for seasonal affective disorder. Some common and effective treatments are:

  • Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a common treatment for SAD. Many of our therapists use a CBT approach in their treatment.
  • Light Therapy: The use of light boxes to simulate sunlight exposure.
  • Medication: Antidepressants can reduce symptoms and help regulate mood.
  • Lifestyle changes: Exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can help.
  • Vitamin D supplements: There are proven benefits of increasing vitamin D intake through supplements or foods.
  • Social support: Stay connected with loved ones and seek support from groups or mental health professionals.
  • Self-Care: Spend time outdoors during daylight, engage in activities that bring joy, and practice mindfulness.


Seasonal affective disorder is treatable.

The earlier you seek treatment, the better. Connect with a provider at Athans & Associates to seek help for you or a loved one. If you are currently experiencing suicidal thoughts, seek emergency help or call 988, the suicide and crisis lifeline.


About the Author  

Courtney Griffin is a Licensed Professional Counselor at Athans & Associates. She works with children and adults, and has a Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from DePaul University. 

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